Evaluación de adherencia a la guía de práctica clínica para el manejo de faringoamigdalitis aguda en la atención de urgencias del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia / Evaluation of adherence to the clinical practice guideline for the management of acute pharyngotonsillitis in the emergency care of the University Hospital San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia

Introducción: la faringoamigdalitis aguda, independientemente de su origen, es de los diagnósticos más frecuentes en los servicios de urgencias. Aunque se ha establecido que en la mayoría de casos su origen es viral, ante la dificultad de identificar su agente etiológico con hallazgos clínicos se ha aumentado la formulación indiscriminada de antibióticos, principalmente en los servicios de urgencias, lo que contribuye con la emergencia de resistencias bacterianas y la aparición de efectos secundarios. Se propone evaluar la adherencia a la guía de práctica clínica para el manejo de faringoamigdalitis aguda en urgencias en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio en Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo retrospectivo. Se revisaron 7762 historias clínicas de pacientes que consultaron por urgencias entre 2016 y 2019 por dolor de garganta. Se analizaron los datos de formulación de analgésicos, antibióticos, solicitud de la prueba rápida de detección de Estreptococo betahemolítico del grupo A (SBHGA) y el registro de la presencia de exudados al examen físico. Resultados: se incluyeron 7762 pacientes. Del total, 74,2 % recibieron antibiótico y 98 % analgesia. Se solicitó la prueba rápida de detección de SBHGA al 11,53 % de los pacientes. La presencia de exudados es el principal factor asociado a la formulación de antibióticos, y la solicitud de una prueba rápida de detección disminuye significativamente su formulación, dado que 21 % de dichos estudios fueron positivos

Objective: Sore throat is one of the most frequent complaints in the ER, both in children and adults. Although it has been established that most cases of acute tonsillitis are caused by viruses, given the difficulty in identifying its etiology based exclusively upon clinical signs, the indiscriminate prescription of antibiotics in the emergency setting has become very frequent. This practice may lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and secondary effects. We evaluated the adherence of ER physicians to clinical practice guidelines for the management of acute tonsillitis at Hospital Universitario San Ignacio in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out. Clinical records for emergency visits between the years of 2016 and 2019 were reviewed. Data regarding rapid antigen detection test for GABHS (RAD), antibiotic and analgesic prescription and tonsillar exudates on physical exam, were recorded. Results: 7.762 patients with acute tonsillitis were included in the study. 74,2% were prescribed antibiotics and 98% received pain medication. For 11,53% of cases the rapid antigen test for GABHS was requested. Although tonsillar exudates are the main factor associated with the formulation of antibiotics, only 21% of rapid antigen detection tests were positive. As such, the systemic use of rapid diagnostic tests may help reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescription, bacterial resistance and drug side effects

Long term cutaneous complications related to bone conduction hearing implants. A retrospective study (2004-2018).

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish the frequency of cutaneous complications due to surgically implanted bone conduction hearing aids in recipients treated at a tertiary otolaryngology center. Additionally, based on the literature review, we propose a scale to standardize the report of cutaneous reactions related to transcutaneous systems to objectify future studies. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted for patients who were implanted with bone conduction hearing systems between 2004 and 2018. Patients with minimum follow up of 6 months were included. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics and clinical course was analyzed by number and skin reactions. Transcutaneous and percutaneous systems were analyzed separately. The study was approved by the local IRB. RESULTS: A total of 104 devices were implanted on 88 patients with an average follow up of 4.04 (range of 0.5 - 10 years). Out of the total of patients, 49 (55.7%) developed at least one episode of inflammatory/infectious skin reaction at surgical incision site. A total of 148 episodes of local infections during the entire follow-up period were registered, mostly mild in severity with no triggering factors identified. The majority of the initial episodes of infection occurred within the first 3 years of follow-up. Out of the total of patients, 47 (53.4%) reported pain at the surgical site at some point throughout follow-up, not associated with clinically evident infection. CONCLUSION: The incidence of skin complications in our series seemed higher compared to previous reports. Minor complications were the most common and responded well to topical treatment. No triggering factors were identified as the cause of the infections, nor to explain the frequency or the severity of such an adverse reaction. Isolated pain was present in the majority of patients with conductive hearing devices, even without signs of active infection. Due to its high incidence it should be assessed in all patients that receive an implant. Based on a search of the literature, a scale to standardize cutaneous complications of transcutaneous implants was undertaken, but further studies are needed to validate such a scale.

Alternative techniques in cochlear implant surgery: Subtotal petrosectomy.

OBJECTIVES: To report and analyze three cases of subtotal petrosectomy (SP) in cochlear implant surgery at our institution, and establish the indications, surgical technique and complications encountered. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A retrospective descriptive study is proposed, analyzing a series of three clinical cases of subtotal petrosectomy as surgical technique for cochlear implant surgery at San Ignacio University Hospital (Bogotá, Colombia) from year 2004 to 2019. RESULTS: A total of three cases of subtotal petrosectomy as surgical technique in cochlear implant candidates were analyzed. The indications were the presence of a wide mastoid cavity after canal wall down mastoidectomy, extrusion of the electrode into the external auditory canal with a wide mastoid cavity and erosion of the posterior wall of the ear canal, and the presence of cholesteatoma in a cophotic ear with previous surgery. The ear canal was defunctionalized in all three cases; in two of them with obliteration of the Eustachian tube and in none of the cases the mastoid was obliterated. There was a single complication associated with the procedure corresponding to a small retention cholesteatoma in the skin of the obliterated duct sac, that didn't required surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: Subtotal petrosectomy is a surgical alternative for cochlear implant surgery in patients with chronic ear pathology, wide cavities or cochlear implant extrusion, not associated to significant complications.

Recomendaciones ante el COVID-19 para la práctica de otología y audiología / Recomendations for the practice of otology and audiology during COVID-19

Hasta el momento, no se conoce con certeza si el virus SARS-CoV-2 se encuentra en la mucosa que recubre la trompa de Eustaquio, el oído medio o la mastoides, aunque es bastante probable que sí lo esté, dada la relación de vecindad anatómica y fisiológica que existe con la mucosa de la naso y orofaringe, ubicaciones en las que claramente se ha documentado alta carga viral. Actualmente, se encuentra en construcción científica la definición de los aspectos relacionados con la seguridad en la práctica integral otológica en el contexto de la pandemia de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Este documento pretende recopilar el conocimiento y las experiencias nacionales e internacionales relacionados con la pandemia, para ser aplicados en el día a día en la práctica médica como especialistas. Es pertinente aclarar que el contenido de estos lineamientos deberá ser actualizado a medida que se conozca nueva información o evidencia, puesto que esta se encuentra en constante y rápida evolución.

Until now, it is not known with certainty if the SARS-CoV-2 virus is found in the mucosa that covers the Eustachian tube, the middle ear and the mastoid, but it is quite probable that it is, given the relationship that exists with the mucosa of the nasopharynx and oropharynx, anatomical sites where a high viral load has clearly been documented. The definition of safety-related aspects for the otological practice is currently under construction in the context of the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). This document aims to gather the national and international knowledge and experiences related in order to be applied in the day to day of our medical practice as specialists. It is important to mention that the content of these guidelines should be updated as new information or evidence becomes known since it is constantly changing.

Lineamientos ante el COVID-19 para la práctica de la otorrinolaringología: procedimientos quirúrgicos y no quirúrgicos / COVID-19

La pandemia de infección por Coronavirus 2019 ha revolucionado el ejercicio médico, en especial para los otorrinolaringólogos debido a su alto riesgo de infección, dado el contacto con secreciones de vía respiratoria superior. En la actualidad enfrentamos uno de los desafíos más grandes a nivel mundial; como médicos y personal de la salud es nuestro deber estar informados, promover prevención de la enfermedad y actuar acorde a los lineamientos basados en la evidencia. Por lo anterior, se presentan las siguientes recomendaciones basadas en información recolectada de guías y lineamientos a nivel mundial hasta marzo de 2020, relacionado con la práctica del otorrinolaringólogo en los procedimientos quirúrgicos y no quirúrgicos durante esta pandemia. Algunas recomendaciones no se aplican en Colombia debido a que los insumos o infraestructura no se encuentran disponibles o no se consiguen. Sin embargo, se considera que deben estar incluidas para que, en la medida de lo posible, se pueda contar con las mismas más adelante. El contenido de estos lineamientos debe ser actualizado a medida que se conozca nueva información o evidencia, ya que esta se encuentra en constante cambio.

Otomyiasis: Systematic Review

Abstract Introduction Myiasis is a disease causedby fly larvae that growinthetissues of animals and humans. It can cause a variety of local symptoms, like erythema or pain, depending on its location, and generalized symptomatology, such as fever andmalaise.Myiasis can generate severe complications, for instance sepsis, or directly impact vital tissues. Its management varies depending on the location, and on the preferences of the doctor that faces this challenge. Myiasis usually occurs in tropical countries, and, in many places, it is not a rare condition. The cases are rarely reported, and there are no publishedmanagement protocols. Objective To review the literature regarding the most common agents, the predisposing factors and the treatment alternatives for otic myiasis, a rare form of human myiasis caused by the infestation of fly larvae in the ear cavities. Data synthesis We present a systematic review of the literature. The search in five databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS and RedALyC) led to 63 published cases from 24 countries, in the 5 continents. The ages of the patients ranged fromnewborn to 65 years old. Themost common agents belong to the Sarcophagidae or Calliphoridae families. Chronic otitis media, previous otic surgical procedures, mental deficit, alcohol or drug abuse, sleeping outdoors, prostration, and malnutrition were predisposing factors. The treatment alternatives are herein discussed. Conclusion The results highlight the need for monitoring, follow-up and standardization of medical approaches. (AU)

Otomyiasis: Systematic Review.

Introduction Myiasis is a disease caused by fly larvae that grow in the tissues of animals and humans. It can cause a variety of local symptoms, like erythema or pain, depending on its location, and generalized symptomatology, such as fever and malaise. Myiasis can generate severe complications, for instance sepsis, or directly impact vital tissues. Its management varies depending on the location, and on the preferences of the doctor that faces this challenge. Myiasis usually occurs in tropical countries, and, in many places, it is not a rare condition. The cases are rarely reported, and there are no published management protocols. Objective To review the literature regarding the most common agents, the predisposing factors and the treatment alternatives for otic myiasis, a rare form of human myiasis caused by the infestation of fly larvae in the ear cavities. Data synthesis We present a systematic review of the literature. The search in five databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS and RedALyC) led to 63 published cases from 24 countries, in the 5 continents. The ages of the patients ranged from newborn to 65 years old. The most common agents belong to the Sarcophagidae or Calliphoridae families. Chronic otitis media, previous otic surgical procedures, mental deficit, alcohol or drug abuse, sleeping outdoors, prostration, and malnutrition were predisposing factors. The treatment alternatives are herein discussed. Conclusion The results highlight the need for monitoring, follow-up and standardization of medical approaches.